Efficient Degradation of 4-Acetamidoantipyrin Using a Thermally Activated Persulfate System

The extensive use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) causes high concentrations pharmaceutical metabolites to exist in aquatic environments. Though the removal parent PPCPs has raised concerns, degradation was rarely investigated. In this study, 4-acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AAA), a typical dipyrone metabolite frequently detected worldwide surface water wastewater, initially studied using persulfate (PDS)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Compared with commonly used activation methods alkali, ultrasonic, ultraviolet, Fe2+, 4-AAA achieved its best (98.9%) within 30 min thermally activated PDS system due promotion both radical production reaction rate rise temperature. optimum could be temperature 80 °C regardless initial pH values, indicating wide suitable range. Moreover, over 80% presence Cl− (0–16 mM), HCO3− (0–8 humic acid (0–30 mg/L), further application potential system. Both sulfate radicals (SO4•−) hydroxyl (•OH) contributed contribution •OH increased rising from 3 11 transformation SO4•− when reacting OH−. Three hydroxylated ring-opening intermediates were during degradation. ECOSAR prediction indicated that acute toxicity most decreased than while chronic increased, which suggested should focused on based AOPs. This study would provide technical reference for control wastewater treatment processes, raise concerns influence metabolites, throw light reducing harm their